We use structural joints in preparation for any problems that may occur in the building later, so what may happen through this engineering solution is predicted, and there are many types of structural joints, and in this article we will learn about the types of structural joints and an explanation of each type.
Types of bulkheads
The following are the types of bulkheads:
solid spacer
The casting separator is used when the casting process stops, so many conditions occur, for example, climate factors, lack of labor, etc., and the following is some information about casting separators.
We find this type of joints without thickness, unlike the rest of the joints, and for this reason, materials to fill the joints are not used.
This type of joint is one of the weak parts of concrete, so it is important to find the places precisely so as not to significantly affect the concrete elements.
When creating casting joints, it is taken into account to roughen the old concrete surfaces, then clean them well, then put water on it, and finally, modern concrete is poured on it after using the materials that are important to the success of the bonding process between the first and second concrete.
It is important to bring some materials, for example epoxy materials, to be used in painting old concrete surfaces, as they help in the successful bonding process between old and new concrete.
expansion and contraction joints
Expansion and contraction joints are constructed vertically to give an opportunity for horizontal expansion and contraction as a result of high or low temperature. They are important in protecting facilities from cracks. The following are the uses of expansion and contraction joints:
They are used in installations with large areas.
This type of separator is used in buildings that are located in areas with large thermal changes.
How expansion and contraction joints work:
The thickness of the joints should be 2 cm. We fill the voids with some materials that are flexible and resistant to moisture.
This type of separator extends from the bottom of the structure to the top of its area, and it starts from the top of the foundations, and the foundation of the structure does not contain a separator.
landing breaks
The landing joints are one of the most important types to keep the building from falling, which leads to vertical displacement, and they are found in some parts of the building that are unequal in weight or landing areas.
The separator shall be the length of the entire building, and its thickness shall be 2 cm.
control intervals
Control joints are one of the types of construction joints, as they help the concrete to be disciplined so as not to produce cracks due to concrete shrinkage as a result of the change in temperature, and they are built for floor tiles to help the slab expand horizontally.
As shrinkage does not cause problems unless there is a restriction on movement, as it leads to stressing the concrete and thus the problem of cracks occurs, and the following are the most important ways to reduce shrinkage problems:
Correct treatment of concrete.
Make spacers for shrinkage.
Take into account the presence of reinforcing bars to prevent shrinkage.
pressure relief spacers
It is one of the types of spacers for horizontal expansion in buildings, it is important in relieving pressure on the cladding, and is clearly found in wall cladding, for example, marble and so on.
isolation breaks
This type of joint helps in horizontal expansion that occurs as a result of contraction, and also allows vertical expansion as a result of landing, and it is taken into account that this type of joint does not contain reinforcing materials.
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