Sound insulation is the methods used to reduce the intensity of sounds affecting structures and this is done through the use of a number of materials, sound insulation has been put in many building plans to reduce noise and disturbance in industrial environments, or offices and homes
Sound insulation methods in buildings
Sound insulation of floors Carpets and rugs are used in many homes to protect tiles and reduce sound intensity, because they absorb sound, so sound transmission increases in unfurnished rooms, and the quality of tiles affects sound permeability, for example, porcelain and marble are among the most important materials used in sound and heat insulation, and the same applies The same is on cork and it is technically used for sound insulation, especially in factories. With regard to windows, most of the time it is recommended to seal the openings around the window frame with special materials to reduce sound transmission. Particular attention should be paid to the quality and thickness of the glass panels because the thickness reduces sound transmission.
Sound insulation in walls and ceilings
Many engineers resort to the idea of filling the space between the walls with cement, cork, polystyrene, pieces of cloth or rock wool, and after placing one of the previous materials, the construction is completed using basic building materials such as cement and concrete, and with regard to ceilings, ceilings can be plastered with gypsum or wooden panels for sound insulation.
Thermal insulation for homes
Thermal insulation expresses the materials used to insulate structures to prevent heat transfer and flow, thus maintaining temperatures in the origin, and gives a sense of comfort, in addition to its role in reducing energy consumption for heating and cooling, which leads to reducing bills by almost half, and reducing harmful gas emissions. that cause global warming, as the ability of the insulator to insulate depends on the coefficient, which expresses the resistance to heat flow, and is directly proportional to it.
The best heat insulator
As the thermal insulation ability of any material depends mainly on the coefficient (R), which expresses the amount of resistance of the material to heat transfer through it, so the ratio of the material used in insulation must range between R-35 to R-45 to achieve maximum insulation. Fiberglass coils are used, while now more than one type is used, including spray foam, straw boards, polyethylene bubbles, and many more.
If you start building a house from scratch, the use of concrete formwork is the best insulator for maximum benefit, and spray foam can be added to obtain the best methods and materials for thermal insulation and energy conservation in the case of an existing house building, all of these options generally depend on the design of the house and its aesthetics age, external structure and location, as well as the desire to switch to environmentally friendly systems.
Selection of insulating materials
The selection of insulating materials is determined by a measured quantity of the material's ability to insulate, which is known as the insulating capacity or (R-value), and over the range of insulating materials used to insulate furnaces, reactors, etc., there are a set of factors that affect the efficiency of the thermal insulation material, namely: Conductivity Thermal, specific heat, and density of the insulating material.
The decrease in the thermal conductivity of the material is equivalent to the increase in its ability to insulate, and insulation using fibers such as silica and ceramic is one of the best insulators, especially for applications where the temperature difference between the two surfaces is large, such as 200°C and 2000°C.
The mechanism of action of the thermal insulator
Heat flows in three main ways, conduction, convection, and radiation, where heat is transmitted through materials by conduction method, and convection is the way heat is transmitted through liquids and gases, and radiation is transmitted through a straight line, and any object is heated in its path, and in a general way heat is transmitted from The hottest body turns to the colder, by placing insulating materials that slow the heat transfer process, whether by placing materials by slowing conduction, or through the air by slowing heat transfer through convection and radiation, and a sense of comfort can be maintained by using heating methods in Winter and summer cooling, in addition to the presence of thermal insulation to reduce heat transfer, whether from the house to the outside or vice versa.
Materials used for thermal insulation
There are many materials used in the thermal insulation process, which may come from several sources, including:
- Thermal insulators extracted from animal sources such as wool or hair.
- Thermal insulators are from vegetable sources such as cotton.
- Glass insulators such as felt are one of the most widely used thermal insulators around the world.
liquid insulators.
Principles for choosing insulation materials
It should be noted that the selection of heat-insulating materials depends on many factors and criteria, including:
- It does not affect human health.
- The ability to resist the absorption of water vapor to prevent the formation of mold or the accumulation of parasitic organisms.
- Resistance to stress caused by large temperature differences.
- To be highly resistant to chemical reactions.
- Fire resistance, especially in places exposed to fire such as restaurants, laboratories, etc.
- The ability to prevent the spread of bacteria.
- To be solid and resistant to breakage.
- The ability to resist water permeation.
- It should be of fixed dimensions and not extendable.
- Have good mechanical properties.
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